Introduction 序言
- 詳細內容
- 分類：ECMA-262 第五版
- 發佈：2013-03-20, 週三 01:44
- 點擊數：1583
Introduction
This Ecma Standard is based on several originating technologies, the most well known being JavaScript (Netscape) and JScript (Microsoft). The language was invented by Brendan Eich at Netscape and first appeared in that company‘s Navigator 2.0 browser. It has appeared in all subsequent browsers from Netscape and in all browsers from Microsoft starting with Internet Explorer 3.0.
The development of this Standard started in November 1996. The first edition of this Ecma Standard was adopted by the Ecma General Assembly of June 1997.
That Ecma Standard was submitted to ISO/IEC JTC 1 for adoption under the fast-track procedure, and approved as international standard ISO/IEC 16262, in April 1998. The Ecma General Assembly of June 1998 approved the second edition of ECMA-262 to keep it fully aligned with ISO/IEC 16262. Changes between the first and the second edition are editorial in nature.
序言
本ECMA標準是基於許多原創技術而建立，最廣為人知的就是網景公司(Netscape)的javascript和Microsoft的JScript。這個語言最先是由網景公司(Netscape)的Brendan Eich所發明，並且在網景公司的Navigator 2.0瀏覽器中首次出現。在此之後網景的所有瀏覽器也都可以找到這語言的蹤跡，而Microsoft也在IE3.0之後開始支援。
這標準的發展起源於1996年11月，這份ECMA標準的第一個版本是在1997年六月由ECMA公眾議會所採用。
ECMA標準藉由快速通道(fast-track)程序提交給ISO/IEC JTC 1以取得採用，並於1998年4月被認可為國際標準ISO/IEC 16262。ECMA公眾議會於1998年六月通過ECMS-262第二版本以保持與ISO/IEC 16262的完全匹配。從本質上來說第一版和第二版的差異都是編輯上的差異。
The third edition of the Standard introduced powerful regular expressions, better string handling, new control statements, try/catch exception handling, tighter definition of errors, formatting for numeric output and minor changes in anticipation of forthcoming internationalisation facilities and future language growth. The third edition of the ECMAScript standard was adopted by the Ecma General Assembly of December 1999 and published as ISO/IEC 16262:2002 in June 2002.
此標準的第三版引進了強大的正規表達式、改進了字串的處理、新的控制敘述、try/catch例外處理，縮減錯誤定義，以及格式化數值輸出，並且為了預期即將到來的國際化功能和語言的成長而做了小部分的變更。ECMA標準第三版在1999年12月被Ecma公眾議會所採用，並且在2002年6月發表在ISO/IEC 16262:2002。
Since publication of the third edition, ECMAScript has achieved massive adoption in conjunction with the World Wide Web where it has become the programming language that is supported by essentially all web browsers. Significant work was done to develop a fourth edition of ECMAScript. Although that work was not completed and not published1 as the fourth edition of ECMAScript, it informs continuing evolution of the language. The fifth edition of ECMAScript (published as ECMA-262 5th edition) codifies de facto interpretations of the language specification that have become common among browser implementations and adds support for new features that have emerged since the publication of the third edition. Such features include accessor properties, reflective creation and inspection of objects, program control of property attributes, additional array manipulation functions, support for the JSON object encoding format, and a strict mode that provides enhanced error checking and program security.
This present edition 5.1 of the ECMAScript Standard is fully aligned with third edition of the international standard ISO/IEC 16262:2011.
ECMAScript is a vibrant language and the evolution of the language is not complete. Significant technical enhancement will continue with future editions of this specification.
This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of June 2011.
1 Note: Please note that for ECMAScript Edition 4 the Ecma standard number ―ECMA-262 Edition 4‖ was reserved but not used in the Ecma publication process. Therefore ―ECMA-262 Edition 4‖ as an Ecma International publication does not exist.
自從第三版發行以來，ECMA腳本語言已獲得了大規模的採納，並用以搭配全球資訊網。在全球資訊網中，ECMA腳本語言已成為實質上所有瀏覽器所支援的程式語言。ECMA腳本語言第4版的發展已完成了重要的部分。雖然這份工作並沒有完整結束，也沒有被發行成為ECMA第四版。但這依然意味著這語言有著持續的發展。ECMAScript第5版(發行為ECMA-262 5th edition)將已在瀏覽器中普遍被實現的語言規格的事實上的闡述列入。並支持第三版發行以來已出現的新特徵。這些特徵包含了存取器屬性，物件的反射式建立與檢視，屬性特徵的程式控制，新增的陣列操作函式，JSON物件編碼格式支援，並加入嚴格模式用以提供強化的錯誤檢查和程式安全。
現存的ECMA Script標準第五版已經與國際標準ISO/IEC 16262:2011第三版完全匹配。